Chromium is a metallic element essential for the metabolism of
carbohydrate (glucose). In conjunction with nicotinic acid,
chromium facilitates the action of insulin in its role of
regulating blood sugar levels, i.e. the concentration of glucose
in the blood. Chromium deficiency results in impaired glucose
tolerance.
After a meal the concentration of glucose in the blood rises.
Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose into tissues - thus
regulating blood sugar levels. Abnormally high levels of glucose
in the blood (hyperglycaemia) may cause damage to nerves, blood
vessels and kidneys, and lead to the development of cataracts.
Diabetes mellitus (Type II diabetes) is the result of the
failure of the insulin mechanism.
Some studies of athletes indicate that chromium may have
beneficial effects in terms of increasing lean muscle tissue and
lowering the percentage of fat in the body. Further research and
clinical trials are likely to be needed before useful
conclusions can be drawn in this regard.
There are no RNIs* or RDAs** for chromium, 25µg***
per day is
estimated as a level that is both adequate and safe. Intakes in
excess of 1-2g a day of inorganic chromium salts are associated
with kidney and liver damage.
